Sleep disturbance and insomnia are common features of an anxiety disorders across the lifespan, and the relationship between sleep and anxiety may be bi-directional.[211-213] In fact, sleep disruption is one of the diagnostic criteria for multiple mood disorders including generalized anxiety disorder, and preclinical studies show disruption of circadian rhythms (day-night wake-sleep cycles) cause anxiety-like responses.[211] Poor sleep can promote or reinforce dysfunctional thought patterns and dysregulation of emotions.[215,216] This underscores the importance of identifying and treating underlying causes of sleep disturbance, such as restless leg syndrome.[214]
Good sleep hygiene has been shown to result in less anxiety and better overall physical and mental health, while poor sleep hygiene worsens insomnia and can reduce sleep quality. Sleep hygiene includes maintaining a consistent sleep-wake schedule; limiting eating, drinking, screen time, and stimulating activity before bed; limiting non-sleeping time in bed; and refraining from napping. Incorporating relaxation practices and cognitive therapies may also help promote sleep.[217,218] Individualized approaches to sleep support are likely to lead to the best outcomes.[219] See the article under Step#5 Adequate Sleep beneath the Brain Health Essentials tab.
